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| The Bad Bug Book |
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1. Name of the Organism:
Salmonella spp.
Salmonella is a rod-shaped, motile bacterium -- nonmotile exceptions S.
gallinarum and S. pullorum--, nonsporeforming and Gram-negative. There
is a widespread occurrence in animals, especially in poultry and swine.
Environmental sources of the organism include water, soil, insects,
factory surfaces, kitchen surfaces, animal feces, raw meats, raw
poultry, and raw seafoods, to name only a few.
2. Nature of Acute Disease:
S. typhi and the paratyphoid bacteria are normally caused septicemic
and produce typhoid or typhoid-like fever in humans. Other forms of
salmonellosis generally produce milder symptoms.
3. Nature of Disease:
Acute symptoms -- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, minal
diarrhea, fever, and headache. Chronic consequences -- arthritic
symptoms may follow 3-4 weeks after onset of acute symptoms. Onset
time -- 6-48 hours. Infective dose -- As few as 15-20 cells; depends upon
age and health of host, and strain differences among the members of the
genus. Duration of symptoms -- Acute symptoms may last for 1 to 2
days or may be prolonged, again depending on host factors, ingested
dose, and strain characteristics. Cause of disease -- Penetration and
passage of Salmonella organisms from gut lumen into epithelium of
small intestine where inflammation occurs; there is evidence that an
enterotoxin may be produced, perhaps within the enterocyte.
Salmonella spp.
Salmonella is a rod-shaped, motile bacterium -- nonmotile exceptions S.
gallinarum and S. pullorum--, nonsporeforming and Gram-negative. There
is a widespread occurrence in animals, especially in poultry and swine.
Environmental sources of the organism include water, soil, insects,
factory surfaces, kitchen surfaces, animal feces, raw meats, raw
poultry, and raw seafoods, to name only a few.
2. Nature of Acute Disease:
S. typhi and the paratyphoid bacteria are normally caused septicemic
and produce typhoid or typhoid-like fever in humans. Other forms of
salmonellosis generally produce milder symptoms.
3. Nature of Disease:
Acute symptoms -- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, minal
diarrhea, fever, and headache. Chronic consequences -- arthritic
symptoms may follow 3-4 weeks after onset of acute symptoms. Onset
time -- 6-48 hours. Infective dose -- As few as 15-20 cells; depends upon
age and health of host, and strain differences among the members of the
genus. Duration of symptoms -- Acute symptoms may last for 1 to 2
days or may be prolonged, again depending on host factors, ingested
dose, and strain characteristics. Cause of disease -- Penetration and
passage of Salmonella organisms from gut lumen into epithelium of
small intestine where inflammation occurs; there is evidence that an
enterotoxin may be produced, perhaps within the enterocyte.
| The United States Food and Drug Administration's Bad Bug Book: Salmonella spp. |